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From Conversations to Conversions: Optimizing Word of Mouth through Advertising

One might think that focusing on word-of-mouth (WOM) marketing negates the need for a substantial advertising strategy. When 75% of new students come from WOM, why spend your budgeted dollars on recruiting families less likely to enroll in your school?

At Los Angeles’s Milken Community School, we designed our advertising strategy to serve as a complement and enhancement to a robust WOM campaign. In 2019, we began testing new advertising strategies to support our admission team’s grassroots WOM strategies. Through testing and analysis, we have refined them to the following strategies.

 

Strategy #1: Fuel WOM by giving community members and lay leaders compelling stories to share. 

In his book Contagious, Jonah Berger explores WOM and viral marketing and the underlying science that drives them both. He posits that WOM is most effective when the message is simple, unexpected, concrete, credible, emotional and told as a story. If an organization is to improve its WOM and increase its effectiveness, the messages it shares with its audience must follow those six tenets. 

In 2019, the communications team at Milken looked at the landscape of independent and Jewish day schools to see what the most innovative marketing departments were doing. 

At the same time, we looked into the for-profit sector and researched marketing departments for the most innovative companies that target their audience. In that search, and in line with the best practices of the time, an investment in video was an emergent tactic used throughout the space. We invested in video production by launching a “Content Studio,” with designated resources and equipment to create video at a scale unlike anything we have seen in the independent school space (200+ videos a year). 

With this investment, we found compelling stories based on the school’s strategic priorities. We used in-house equipment and independent videographers, editors and post-production specialists to make videos for social media, our website, email marketing and in-person events. 

 

Strategy #2: Energize WOM by sharing stories in places where current and prospective families are and utilize placements that create “excitement” and encourage “buzz.”

In 2018, our advertising budget was similar to that of other schools in our sector. We spent significant dollars on print ads, outdoor signage (pole banners), and email sponsorships. However, virtually no dollars were allocated to measurable ad placements, utilized sophisticated targeting or made a powerful statement about Milken’s position. 

In redesigning for efficiency and maximum impact, we slashed our print and outdoor advertising budgets and discerningly examined our email sponsorships. Monies were then reallocated to digital platforms with advanced targeting options, which had proven to have practical measurement tools.

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We also began searching for ad placements that would impress or surprise our current families. Among these options, we tried podcasts, radio, TikTok, sponsored content with Kveller and commercials on Hulu. Both platforms were surprising and impressive, leading our students and families to talk and “buzz” about the placements. I’ll never forget the day a student came up to me on campus with a curious expression on their face and excitedly asked: “Mr. Morrow? Did I see a Milken commercial on TV last night?” Reactions like this are the kindling that ignites word of mouth. Per Jonah Berger, in this case, we provided a story, in an unexpected manner, that provided an emotional reaction, touching 3/6 of his tenets of sparking word of mouth. 

Before We Go Any Further

We’ve avoided being too technical until this point. To get the maximum benefit from reading this, please be patient and consider watching the videos linked throughout the article. If at any point you feel overwhelmed, I want you to know that everything here is easy to teach yourself and is much simpler than it seems at first glance. 

How to Create a Facebook Ad Campaign

How to Buy Ads on Hulu

 

Strategy #3: Broaden the enrollment funnel by targeting users connected to current and prospective families through social media.

Word of Mouth is a proximity-based tactic. It involves utilizing social or geographic proximity to trigger conversations between individuals. Paid advertising on social media mimics the proximity in traditional social spheres, with the same benefits as Word of Mouth. 

To do that, one must first engage the audience through organic content. Once a user engages with your content, they become targetable through ad platforms. At Milken, we create ads to target this audience with two purposes: 

  • We want this core audience to see what we’re posting on social media, understand it and discuss it with their friends. 
  • Every time a user interacts with our content through likes, shares and comments, it is more likely to be seen by people they are connected to, mimicking in-person WOM on social media. 

 

Strategy #4: Utilize “lookalike audiences” to broaden the funnel.

A Facebook/Meta Lookalike Audience lets you find new people similar to your current customers or followers. You provide Facebook with a group of people, like your existing customers or website visitors. Facebook takes their common traits, like age, interests or behavior, finds new people who share these similarities and shows your ads to them, helping you reach more potential customers likely to be interested in what you offer. (More information on lookalike audiences can be found here: Facebook Ads Lookalike Audience Tutorial 2024.)

At Milken, we utilize multiple lookalike audiences throughout our advertising strategy. Since Meta limited the targeting options available to organizations, lookalike audiences are an increasingly valuable tool for finding Jewish families for our schools. While we can no longer target the followers of feeder schools, we can use our data and allow Facebook to build audiences similar to ours. Throughout the admission season, we use the following lookalike audiences: 

  • Milken Social Audience Lookalike: We create a lookalike audience based on the users we currently engage within social media.
  • Admission Pipeline: We utilize our data to create a lookalike audience based on the people who have expressed interest through an inquiry or admission event attendance.
  • Milken Applied: We use the data of people who have applied to our school.

Targeting lookalike audiences is helpful, but the parameters of the audiences could be more optimized. To ensure efficiency in our spending, we limit our lookalike audiences to specific geographic locations and use demographic information like “parents of tweens” or “parents of teens” to cultivate the most relevant audience. 

 

Strategy #5: Utilize Google Search and YouTube to capture “in-market” families.

Until now, our advertising discussion has focused on mimicking or enhancing WOM. I will add that two notable platforms help improve what we’ve discussed. WOM is quite helpful in digital marketing, as noted above. What it needs, however, is the ability to reach in-market customers without attachment to our community. By using Google Ads (search-based) and YouTube ads, not only can we use targeting parameters like ZIP codes, specific levels of income, families who have recently moved, and “parents of tweens” or “parents of teens,” but we also can be interest-responsive: 

  • Through Google Search ads, we can target families who are looking for any number of attributes that describe a school. 
  • Through YouTube, we can even target families as they watch specific YouTube videos, like those of your feeder schools, your non-Jewish competitors or even videos about rising antisemitism in public schools. 
Helpful Resources: 

How to Buy Google Search Ads

How to Buy Ads on YouTube 

 

Strategy #6: Nurture prospects into inquiring, applying and enrolling. 

Milken’s final strategy is simple: Keep them on the hook once you have people talking and interested in your school. Most schools have rudimentary tools to communicate with prospects. At Milken, we believe that from the moment someone expresses interest in our school, we must begin leading them toward applying. We utilize tools like automated email marketing and retargeting audiences to continually nurture them to apply through sharing our most powerful stories. 

We developed two essential tools for this express purpose: 

  • We began retargeting prospects on social media after their initial inquiry. 
  • We developed automated email campaigns customized to users’ application status: Prospect, Inquiry, Application Started, Application Completed.

On social media, we retarget prospects to ensure we stay relevant throughout the admission cycle. We target prospects who have engaged with us on social media or visited our website and ensure they see our videos to keep Milken top-of-mind. 

While many schools send an admission newsletter filled with current highlights and upcoming events, we developed an email campaign that we have slowly optimized over the years. When a prospect completes any form on our site (including event registrations and inquiry forms), they receive evergreen emails with our most powerful stories. An essential element we include is customized calls-to-action buttons based on whether a prospect had applied or not. Customizing the emails by prospect status allows us to continue to deliver our most powerful content to a prospect throughout the admissions process. 

We can actually confirm the effectiveness of these strategies in our post-admission seasons data. As we review annually, one of the areas we look at is measuring how many families we remarketed actually apply and convert. We are able to measure this through our platform, Hubspot, which ties a user’s Facebook and email activity together and provides us with a clearer picture of how our applicants are nurtured throughout the admissions process.

Since we started our ad campaigns, we regularly see 5–10% of our contacts are created through digital ads or funnel-broadening activities. Depending on the year, digital ads influence 25–45% of our prospects. Ultimately the broadening of our funnel and the nurturing of our prospects contributes to our enrollment growth, which you can see below:

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Fueled by compelling stories, precise targeting and advanced engagement tools, advertising not only boosts WOM and creates new spaces for it to occur, but it also can also help augment a WOM strategy and ensure that those who are “in-market” for your school are marketed to. 

In a landscape where WOM marketing drives 75%, and even at Milken, where 90% of new student recruitment comes from WOM, allocating substantial resources to a WOM complementary advertising strategy is important. Our analytics show us the effect our advertising has, not just in being the first point of interaction with Milken, but in nurturing our prospects along the admissions funnel. Our experience and the year-over-year growth in our enrollment serves as a powerful confirmation that a well-crafted advertising strategy can significantly enhance and complement WOM efforts.

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